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Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R006800050005-6 machines and tractors. With the Lenin co-operative plan as a basis, Stalin com- prehensively worked out the question of the collective-farm form of socialist ag- riculture. Over a number of years the Communist Party and the Soviet State introduced into the countryside up-to- date machines, that is, tractors and com- plex agricultural machinery, and trained personnel capable of handling them. One consequence of collectivization was the elimination of the most numerous class of exploiters — the kulak class — which constituted the stronghold of cap- italist restoration. Collectivization turn- cd the most numerous toiling class — the peasant class —- from the path of individual farming, which engenders capitalism, to the path of public, col- lective socialist farming. Collectivization gave Soviet power a socialist base in ag- riculture, the vastest and most vital, and at the same time the most backward, sphere of the national economy, As the economics of the Soviet Union changed, the class structure of the popu- lation also changed. As a result of the elimination of the exploiting classes, So- viet society became free of class con- flicts. The workers, the peasants and the Soviet intelligentsia became welded into one community of labor and be- came united by the ties of friendly co- operation. “It is this community of in- terest,” Stalin pointed out, “which has formed the basis for the development of such motive forces as the moral and po- litical unity of Soviet society, the mu- tual friendship of the nations of the USSR, and Soviet patriotism.” These motive forces have as their economic foundation and source the socialist mode of production and socialist pro- duction relations. . ‘The moral and political unity of So- viet society is the brilliant result of the farsighted policy of the Communist Party which has led to the remaking of the country into an advanced mighty so- cialist power. All Soviet people support the policy of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet State, viewing this policy as an expression of their vital interests, and energetically working to bring about its realization. The unity of aspirations, the united will of the people moves So- viet society forward. The friendship of the peoples of the USSR too is a striking expression of the unity of Soviet society. The years of OCTOBER 13, 1950 joint struggle by the peoples of the So- viet land under the leadership of the Communist Party against internal and foreign oppressors, against tsarism, the years of heroic struggle on the civil war fronts and those of peaceful socialist construction créated and consolidated fraternal ties among the peoples. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed as a multinational federal state on the basis of voluntary alliance of the equal Soviet peoples. In his work of genius, The National Question and Leninism, Stalin gave a classic description of the spiritual, so- cial, and political visage of the Soviet socialist nations, “The abolition of na- tional oppression,” Stalin stated, “has led to the national revival of the for- merly oppressed nations in our country, to the development of their national culture and the strengthening of friend- ly international ties among the peoples of our country, and to the establishment of co-operation among them for social- ist construction.” The abolition of the exploiting classes and the victory of socialism in the USSR have given firm footing to the mutual trust and brotherly friend- ship of the peoples which is a motive force of Soviet society, a source of the might of the Soviet State. The strength, power and unity of the Soviet people manifested themselves particularly viv- idly during the Great Patriotic War, when all the peoples of the USSR rose up to defend their homeland, defeated the enemy and gained victory. The unity of Soviet men and women is also mani- fested now when the peoples of the USSR are working with the greatest en- thusiasm to fulfill the Stalin postwar Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule. ‘The moral and political unity of So- viet society and the friendship of the peoples of the USSR are organically connected with Sovict patridtism. The great leader of the peoples, Stalin, teaches that “the strength of Soviet patriotism lies in the fact that it is based not on racial or nationalistic prejudices, but upon the profound devotion and loyalty of the people to their Soviet Motherland on the fraternal co-opera- tion of the working people of all the nations inhabiting our country. Soviet patriotism is a harmonious blend of the national traditions of the peoples and the common vital interests of all the working people of the Soviet Union. So- viet patriotism does not disunite but, on the contrary, unites all the nations and nationalities inhabiting our country in a single fraternal family. This should be regarded as the basis of the inde- structible and ever-growing friendship that exists among the people of the So- viet Union.” The source of Sovict patriotism is the socialist system. The citizens of the Soviet Union are complete masters of the country’s entire wealth and are free builders of a society in which there are no exploiters and parasites. The Soviet social and state system secure to the working people great democratic rights: the right to work, the right to educa- tion, the right to rest and recreation, the right to material aid in old age. The love of the working people for their homeland merges with their love, their utter devotion, to the Soviet social- ist system. Soviet patriotism inspires the people of the country of socialism to great feats of labor and military feats, to work for the achievement of commu- nism. The Jaw of all development is the struggle between opposites, the struggle between the new and the old, between that which is dying away and that which is being born. In Soviet society this struggle takes place in the form of crit- icism and self-criticism, which is a real force of development, a mighty instru- ment in the hands of the Party. Inspiring and directing the struggle of the Soviet people for the building of communism, Stalin unwearyingly teach- es the Communist Party and all working people fearlessly to analyze the results of their work and relentlessly to reveal mistakes and shortcomings that hinder moving onward. As long ago as in 1930 Stalin wrote in a letter to Gorky: “We cannot get along without self-criticism. We positively cannot, Alexei Maximo- vich. Without it stagnation and decay of the apparatus, growth of bureaucracy and frustration of the creative initiative of the working class are unavoidable. OF course, self-criticism furnishes ma- terial which enemies can use. You are quite right about that. But it does fur- nish also material (and an impetus) for our moving onward, for releasing the constructive energy of the working peo- ple, for developing emulation, for shock brigades, etc. The negative side 597 Approved For Release 2004/02/19 : CIA-RDP83-00415R006800050005-6