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1631-HQ-1462938 the first seven were directed at the PUK's territory and the last at KDP's territory. The first Anfal targeted PUK strongholds Bergalou and Sergalou from February 23, 1988, to March 19, 1988. The second Anfal targeted the Qara Dagh region from March 22, 1988, to April 1, 1988. The third Anfal targeted the hilly plain known as Germain from April 7, 1988, to April 20, 1988. The fourth Anfal targeted the Valley of Lesser Zab River from May 3, 1988, to May 8, 1988. The fifth Anfal targeted the mountainous region Northeast of Erbil from May 15,1988 until operations halted on June 7, 1988. Operations were re-initiated as the sixth and seventh Anfals in July and August 1988, respectively. On August 26, 1988, the PUK controlled area was declared clean of saboteurs. The final Anfal targeted the Badinan area and began on August 25, 1988. On September 6, 1988, the Iraq Government declared victory by declaring general amnesty for all Kurds. Anfal 1 SULTAN HASHEM, who at the time was the 1°* Corp Commander, advised the mission of the Anfal Campaign was to remove the Kurdish population from the Northern area of Iraq, and either destroy them or make them flee to Iran. HASHEM commanded three Army Divisions and 100 Battalions in the First Anfal Campaign which consisted of approximately 80,000 soldiers. With the number of military personnel under his leadership and weaponry at his disposal, HASHEM expected to overpower and defeat the Kurdish resistance. HASHEM utilized artillery, armor, infantry, and helicopters during the First Anfal, which took place from March 1, 1988, until approximately March 20-21, 1988. HASHEM did not have direct operational control over other air assets (Air Force), but could request those resources when needed. There were nine different avenues of attack utilized in the First Anfal which were designed to allow for the Kurds to flee across the border to Iran. (HASHEM interview, June 1, 2004). Anfal 3 (hereinafter age a e time, resided in the village of Kulajo Southern Germain) with his father, his mother, bé and_his three younger sisters eleven ee and bic (nine). One morning in April, 1988, IYaqi Special Forces and Jahsh surrounded his village. The villagers were told they 45