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A CENTURY OF PEACE Although the notes of Ambassador Bedall Smith and Foreign Minister Molotov are’both characterized by the same self-rightous- ness which haa lead to the international crisis, they represent great hope to those of us who have consistently maintained that peace is ossible and they represent a severe blow to the propagandists on Poth sides who have insisted that the two nations cannot live at peace in the same world. The two letters assume what we have long con- tended—that the war-time cooperation between the two great powers can be rebuilt and strengthened in time of peace. The exchange of notes, opening the door to negotiations, must he followed by a meet- ing—an open, fully reported meeting of representatives of both the United States and the Soviet Union. With the prospect of such a meeting, I present my thoughts on the steps necessary to achieve the Century of Peace. THE COLD WAR MUST STOP The USA and the USSR must take immediate action to end the cold war. This involves taking definitive, decisive steps looking to- + ward the following objectives: . General reduction of armaments—outlawing all methods of mass destruction, . . Stopping the export of weapons by any nation to any other nation, The resumption of unrestricted trade (except for goods re- lated to war) between the two countries. e Sop 4, The free movement of citizens, students and newspaper men. between and within the two countries. 5, The resumption of free exchange of scientific information and " TY“ Wdlentific’ material DeTWorr-—tie, two. nations. stitution of some gther United Nations agency for the distri- bution of international relief. . Neither the USA nor the USSR should interfere in the internal affairs of other nations,Neither the USA nor the USSR should main- tain military bases inother UN countries. Neither the USA nor the USSR should terrorize the citizens of member states of the UN by massing land forces, establishing air b or making naval demon- strations, Neither the USA nor the USSR should use financial pressure, economic pressure or the pressure of secret agents to obtain political results in other countries. Both the US and USSR,-in the spirit of the UN Charter, should collaborate to the limit in furthering the political, economic and cultural health of the world. To that end the USA and the USSR should join the various subsidiary agencies of the UN such ae the World Health Organization, the Food and Agricultural Organi- sation, and The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, REHABILITATION OF EUROPE It is to the advantage of both the USA and the USSR to give maximum economic help to Europe ae promptly as possible within the framework of the UN, proportioned to the devastation and economic need. As soon as possible the European Cooperation Administration and the United Nations and the Economic Commission for Europe should be converted into a re-invigorated and expended UNRRA for the purpose of building a highly productive, economically unified Europe in which there would be no barriers of trade, communication or culture between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. SPEEDY PEACE WITH GERMANY The USSR, the USA, Great Britain, and France should conclude a peace treaty with Germany at the earliest possible moment. The objective is the prompt re-establishment of « peace-loving German government in charge of a united Germany which is obligated to the strict fulfillment of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. Russian, French, British and American troops should be withdrawn from Germany within one year after the signing of the German peace treaty. PEACE IN THE FAR EAST . Neither the USA nor the USSR should send arme into China. Both the USA and the USSR should withdraw troops from both China and Koren. There should he eet up as soon as possible a government for all of Korea. Both the USA and the USSR should adhere to the principle of equal rights for all nations in China, with respect for the sov- ereignty of China, and refrain from interference in the internal affairs’ of China. Both the USA and the USSR can benefit from a China which is strong and unified on the basis of economic and political democracy. JAPAN A peace treaty with Japan based on agreements heretofore ar- rived at should he made at the earliest possible moment. Both the USA and the USSR have a vital interest in a democratic and peace an open letter to. Premier Stalin eer: 6. The re-establishment of a re-invigorsted UNRRA or the cons emaller‘nations.and.both the USA and the USSR should carry out a1 Cea ne create on loving Japan. All nations having occupation troope in Japan should withdraw them within a year after the signing of the peace treaty with Japan. VETO AND ATOMIC ENERGY CONTROL The excessive use of the veto and the impasse with regard to certain phases of atomic energy control are the expression of the lack of confidence between the two nations, They are symptoms, not causes. Both can be handled constructively once confidence is estab- lished in he major issues. The door should be promptly opened to the extraordinary benefits which atomic energy can bring to mankind. © at peace. Atomic energy for war crime and a curse. Atomic energy for peace can be acience’s greatest blessing. ACCESS TQ RAW MATERIALS The Atlantic Charter has provision for freedom of access to raw materials by the nations of the world. This is very important for the the spirit of article 4 of the Atla: rter. 5 ‘here are possibilities of increasing interchange of goods between the USA and the USSR to a volume many times the pre-war figure, Such an increase in trade excluding any discrimination will promote friendly relations between the two countries and thereby strengthen the cause of world peace. ASSURANCE WITH REGARD TO RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN INTENTIONS Millions of citizens in the USA believe it is the settled purpose of Soviet leaders to conquer the world. Millions of citizens in the USSR believe it is the settled purpose of the USA to invade the USSR. Both point to specific instances to make their point. Each nation should state definitively and categorically that it has no design on the terri- torial integrity of any other nation. COMMUNISM AND CAPITALISM The ideological competition between communism and capitalism is a different matter from the misunderstanding between the USSR and the USA, The latter can be solved in a way that will preserve peace. But the competition between the capitalist and communist * systems is never ending. It is the concern of both nations to see that this competition remains constructive and that it never degenerates into the status of such a religious war ae the Thirty Years War which so devastated Europe at the beginning of the Seventeenth Century. Ruasia cannot Ye held responsible for the excesses of local com- munists any more than the USA can be held responsible for the repre- hensible exploitation of backward peoples by many capitalists who are not citizens or only nominally citizens of the USA, Undoubtedly many communists and capitalists have expressed the belief that their particular system will inevitably dominate the world. But that does not mean that the USSR and the USA must engage in perpetual con- flict. The two countries can agree to a modus vivendi while the slow process of time determines the strong and weak points of the two economic systems and the free peoples of the world make day by day the small choices which eventually will evolve, on the basis of em- piricism, systems which will be best adapted for the various indi- vidual countries. THE CENTURY OF PEACE MUST COME . There ia no misunderstanding or difficulry between the USA and the USSR which can be settled by force or fear and there is no dif- ference which cannot be settled by peaceful, hopeful negotiation. There is no American principle or public interest, and there is no Russian principle or publig interest which. would have to be sacrificed to end the cold war and open up the Century of Peace which the Century of the Common Man demands. Jepary © We eee Printed by Henry A. Wallace, 39 Perk Avenue, New York 16,.N.Y. Be