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BBANIOI. cade alee So ae a at “rb, r \ pee ae ON, gadier bed ultimately into the Ger; Une task of building his a National Socials: party, the | Mloven. at. Believing the mission wpnization forged by Hitler as {ol natiog’ Fd social regencration netrument for the achievement!was to realized by what he bower. called a vigorous minority, a des- “Bmong the men Hitler met when |Perate élite, he gathered around sined the German Labor party|him a group of intellectuals, of- * Dietrich Eckhart, a journalist, ficers, former officers, Penurious : whom he obtained the basic}studenls and ambitious youths Msiples of the ideology later/without prospects in the Germany “Med by the Nazis. Eckhartjof that time. Jin 1923. Others whom Hitler} All these were in the main men ag members of the Germanjof humble origin who had gone r party were Rudolph Hess,|through the war and found them- Dieter became Deputy Fuehrer,/selves socially shipwrecked when Swho was: Tamed second by|it was over, Like Hitler, they were in the line of succession to|ready for anything. They had akjnothing to Inse and felt they had Alfred} Rosenberg, another of everything to gain if only they could grasp the instruments of p who subsogpently played aj power. Like Hitler, they were tm- ing roje inthe Nazi regime as | pelled in their thoughts and ac- Pogist and thep-viician. Hess tions by a superiority compiex, Bio Enbiars4n,*041, presuma-|the satisfaciion of which became aS pen eed :)," and re-(the propelling ambition of their ed ther/tesy eo. being. Like Hitler, they identified ehm alef 3459 2, iniber of the |the regeneration of Germany with th Choy: fhere/the realization of their dream, ee eS ieeaie - They declared war on the repub- ey y bet aig! 2¥ Bsi¢d it. lic, on the Versailics ‘Ireaty, on the alf doze ey * i eytler|Communists, whore methods of me lead, Aver G4: ieeettat {professional revolutionists, of prop- Fared the tengo? Gate ses-(aganda and of force, they made he of our time ec Pawhiid. their own. As Goebbels, who was Sods and daring of ideas ijt-y Propaganda and ahead in the’ may nt} explained it in later yeara, “Prop- ded by “the little band Hevspanda shouid not be decent—it § about making speeches. id- should be effective,” and “We Png the wrongs done to-Ger-jfight with Marxist methods, but ty, appealing to audiences and we ahall do things better than the ‘ing them with the promise of | Marxists.” . nich Beer-Cellar Putsch of 1923 Failed; KR line with tis conception.jsgreement. the Bavarian mili- ae organization Hitler set UP: and General von Lossow, Chief of fone early years of his activ-ty. ine Bavarian Army, pretended to the officers and Icaders Weré!pive their assent. The army and y the rank of major snd cap- (State officiais returned to their 4.. Army generals, active and offices and promptly proclaimed eed, regarded him with suspi- [Hitler a traitor to the State, because of his lowly origin rnd ogic eppeals to the middic day in the center of the city be- s. They joined him openly!twecn several thousand of Hitler's y after he had made an im- followers and the police, backed by on gnd showed that his|Lossow’s troops. Hitler was leading ces of success were not to be!his men, waving his revolver, with imized. ; jLudendorff beside him. Confident was this distinction that wasithat the police would not fire upon ariiy responsible for the fati-|seeing Ludendorff, Hitler marched of Hitler's first “Putsch” onion. But the police fired neverthe- 7. 8 and 8, 1923, in Munich, /less, The thousands of Nazis scat- wh as “the beer-cellar Putsch.” tered in all directions, with Luden- Selieving his “Tag” had arrived, dorff alone marching forward de- ler forced his way into an as-itiantly. He was arrested. Goering, vbly of high-ranking Bavarian'who was also in tho van, was terals, Ministers, Governmentiwounded, but escaped and later “clals and politicians in the /fied the country. Hitler fell to the nakeller of the Mumich City nd. ‘Non the evening of Nov. 8 and.) Testimony at the trial that fol- {ndiahing a revolver, fired a shot! lowed the affair was almost unani- — the air, announcing that his’ mous that Hitler was the first man {olution had begun. He calied for,io get up aad run for cover. He arch on Berlin and pleaded) dashed toward his automobile and h those present to give him|fied. He was caught, however, ‘ir blessing. They were taken(and tried for treason. The sen- ck by this sudden move, for|tence was five years’ imprisonment ie they hard pretended to en-!in a fortress. He served only a age Hitler they knew that theifew months and waa paroled, re- : for action was not ripe and!turning to political activity. made him promise that ne| | Rebuilt Power Alter Defeat * do nothing reckiess and Lot uw: Violence that might! After the fiasco of the Munich sie ts + own posittons. “Putsch” if seemed as if Hitler's “ati: 2 a violation of his'cause was irretrievably lost. a: -2 aye were outsice,!Throughont the country he was tLe importunities}the butt of ridicule. The Govern- be. «. i if, who wasiment and its supporters felt he tio pe Ww rad witit'could no longer be a danger and eeeh i: ‘ iter’ inigle belief that he force of ang oa a “anita becorae Hitler 3 hlinialer of tre utd imperial order. orisoned for Treason, He Is Soon Freed\Chancellorship Won by Series of Intrigués There followed a skirmish next|United States for his espionage tare ise extrer © cals onthe: the spring of 1642, 14 Liars. right and on | The armies|P8ign he intenslfied his agitat! of Hillerisin and conn = i grew|*Rainst the republic, the Vereal! Anaemia to proportions that e it in.|Treaty and the Government's f creasingly difficull for the demoe|fillment policy. = cratic republic to function. While The whole world saw in ft professing uncompromising hostil- rampaign a life-and-death strigi ity to ench other, the extreme Red|belween tho Nazis and the repubi and Brown elements coopcrated in|®%, indeed, it was. Hindenbu: the Reichstag, the Prussian Diet|TUunning for a third term, emerg and other provincial Legislatures in|/¢torious, with 19,000,000, vot underraining the power and stabil-/#&ainst 13,000,000 for Hitler, Att ity of republican Institutions. Inj%2me¢ time, however, Hitler rog 1952 the Hitlerites and Communists|tered his greatest electoral worked together in staging a great|Umph from the point of view transportation strike in Berlin. votes received. From.then on After his electoral victory of|W45, indeed, a power not to 1930 Hitler moved to consolidate|Jgnored. his position with the Reichswehr.} The Bruening Cabinet fell shor Appearing ss a witness at a trial after the Presidential election a lof three Reichswehr officers for|in the consequent Reichstag el furthering # fascist plot in the/tions of July 31, 1932, the Na army, Hitler made his famous|increascd the number of th jdeclaration in which he flattered]Seats to 229, becoming the larg the army and promised that when/single political party. Twice bafc his party attained power the/the end of the ycar Hitler ¢ “November criminals,” those who;Manded the Chancellorship, a made the German revolution andjeach time Hindenburg .refus set up the Weimar Republic, would|Hindenburg offered him e Cabir he exterminated. and that “heads|Post in z reconstituled Governme would roll.” In his testimony Hit-|but that was not enough for bi ler paid tribute to monarchist Ger-|He was biding his time for t many, thus lulling the monarchists|final blow at the republic, “T and their army generals into the!Chancellorship or nothing!” fanned to restore |demanded. ae With the Reichstsg wnabh Meanwhile the government of;form a new Government becaipe: Chancellor Heinrich Bruening, althe multiplicity of warring parti Centrist leader, was fighting des-iand the impossibility of agreeing < perately to stem the tide of eco-|a coalition, it wag again dissolv: nomic and political dissolution.jand new elections were called f For many months Bruening was|Nov. 6, 1932. In that election ti ruling by decree based upon emer-|Hitlerites lost 2,000,000 votes, a) gency laws hastily passed by the/it appeared as if the Nazi de®” Reichstag. Social services were!receding. ny ode vw gl A Reichstag Fire Precedes Election Victo What followed was a series of; accepted these terma, with the x intrigues behind the svener thativiso that :7w Reichstag électi ultimately landed Hitler tn ‘he|were to be called so he might o Chancellorship. Bruening resizned;more seek the approval of the @ and Franz von Papen, a Catholic/torate. Hindenburg was pleased and a diplomat remembered in the|this ostensible desire of Hitler seek the support of the major In fact, he was delighted. -- -z The Reichstag was dissolved : In the campaign that ensued Nazis unleashed a@ flooé of pro ganda eclipsing anything that J gone before. With the machin and sabotage work during the First World War, waa appointed in his place. Von Papen's Ministry was known as “the Cabinet of monocies.” It had no basis of sup- port in the Reichstag or in the population and was obviously alof Government in their hands7 stop-gap.- ; in command of the Nationa! Tre General von Schleicher, army ury, with the prestige of autho chief, fearing a union of the Hit-|behind them, the Nazis were s lerftes and Communists, againstito terrorize the electorate and whom the army would be unablejerippie the campaign activities to stand, forced von Papen’s resigz-/other parties as to command nation and himself assumed the advantage. et ae, Chancellorship. Von Schleicher’s}| yn vain did the Natlonalfi was “the second Cabinet of mon-j noaded by Hugenberg, who suspe ocies.” Powerful clemenia in theled what was coming, object to ' army and sround von Papen, bent |disgolution of the Reichstag and on helping Hitler to the Chancellor-| caning of a new election. Hav ship, refused to support vonlneiped Hitler to power, they Schleicher, however, who thereupon|saw themselves completely c demanded another dissolution of{maneuvered by the Nazi chieft: the Reichstag and a general elec- =, ae tion. Hindenburg refused, and on| The Burning of the Réichsta One of the most shocking feve the advice of his son, Oskar, and General von Blomberg. who subse-|in the history of the Nazi reg: quently became Minister of Warjcame on the evening of Feb. in Hitler's government, calied/1933, a week before the electh Hitler to Schleicher's place. This}|On that evening the Reicha was on Jan, 30, 1933. Hitler's goalibuilding suddenly went up flames. Part of the building was attainen. . Upon calling Hitler to the Chan-/lapsed. The fire, !t was determi) was of incendiary origin, {9 cellorship, Hindenburg instructed him to form a cvalition Govern-| great deal of inflamm2ble m=’. ment with other parties of the|wes used to start the ents right. He was to observe the Con-|tion, Hitler announced {1.40 stitution and rute only with the ————— a .¢ that there was no use meking aleconsent of the Reichstag. Hiller Continued on Pac