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com, ce TO Sas + a . Carel 9, On two oczasions, the Court found it necessary to warn the - witnesses of the penalty for perjury. The Court recessed the hearing to allow time for the witnesses to refresh their recollection, and to Find, if possible, any membership lizts. On one occasion, a witness a pleaded the 5th Amendment when, in a colloquy with the Court, it was apparent that he was afraid of klan reprisal for testifying as to klan records; he withdrew his plea of privilege and testified. 10. Romans, Chap. II, v. 10-11. ~ ll. See United States v. Cruiksuask, 1975, 92 U.S. 542, 23 L.Ed. 588; Slaughter-House Cases, 1873, 16 Wall 36, 21 L.Ed. 394. 12. In 1894 Congress repealed most of the provisions dealing with federal supervision of elections. Two general provisions for criminal sanctions were left standing: 42 U.S.C. $241 (originally ° ‘+. Section & of the Civil Rights Act of 1870, later Section S508 -ef__ tr2 Revised Statutes) providing criminal sanctions against conspira¢tes._ ‘ite deprive any citizen of any right secured by the Constitution and levs of the United States; and 42 U.S.C. §242 {originally Section 2 — .of the C: vil Rights Act of 1866, later Section 8510 of the Revised Statutes (1873), as amended in 1999, 35 Stat. 1092 by adding the “werd “wilfully") providing criminal sanctions against the deprivation of const: tutional rights, privileges, and immunities under color of state lav. See United States v. Williams, 1951, 341 U.S. 70, 7i S.ct. 581, 95 L.Ed. 758 restricting Section 241 to those cases -in which the right allegedly violated is an incident to national .@itizenslip. See also Screws v. United States, 1945, 325 U.S. 91, 65 S.Ct. 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495 construing Section 242 as requiring specific intent to deprive a person of the right made specific by th2 Constitution or laws of the United States, Sections 241 and 242 .are now before the Supreme Court again. United States v. Price, « - ‘Nes. 59, 60, October Term, 1955; United States v. Quest, No. 65, PLN een ee ON SOLER : WSL . Shay Are 13. See Civil Rights Cases, 1893, 109 U.S.3, 3 S.Ct. 18, 27 L.Ed, 835; United States v. Reese, 1876, 92 U.8. 214, 23 L.Ed, 478. 14. Hence the compromise affecting jury trials in the 1957 Act: criminal contempt cases arising under the act may be tried by district courts without juries, except where a person convicted is fined more than §300 or imprisoned for more than 6 months. 71 5taz. 638 (1957}, 42 U.S.C, $1995. "25. President Truman's Committee on Civil Rights submitted equally bread recommendations. See Report, To Secure These Rights, 151-161 (1947). 16, In a hearing before the House Cudiciary Committee on the Civil Rights Bill, Attorney General Herber= Brownell explicitly explained the purposes and scope of the proposec amendments to Section 1971 of Title 42: “The most obvious one of these defeets in the law is that it does not protect the v-aters in Pederal elec- tions from unlawful incest - rn wits their voting tights by private perse:. ~~!" cthex words, 1971 ep- plies only to those whe ott 9: ‘Jin eelor of law’