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_fined voting rights as follows: ” + other civil relie? in many ci:2 covered by the statute. “And third, an express provision that all State administrative anc juéiciel renedies need not be - first exhausted before rese7. to the Federal courts." [Hearings De: “pcommittee No. 5 of the Committee on the Urcieilary. 85th Cong. lst ; f Sess., p. 570 (1957) 3 _ : 17. Section 1971(a) derived from the Civil Rights Act of 1870, de- States who are other-~ ' £ any election by ; "“(a). All citizens of the U wise qualified by law t: the people in any State, Tercitory, Gistrict, county, city, parish, township, schoci district, municipality, or other territorial s. -/ len, shall be entitled and allowed to vote at 2ll su Lections, without dis- tinction of race, coler, sevious condition of servitude; any cons<i Law, custom, usage, or regulation of any Stats or Territory, or by or under its authority, to the (coniziic netwith standing”. 13. Ses Section ITI, B,{1),4m <2 19. Sec Key, Southern Polities 355/549); Civil Rights Commission Faport 133-38(1961). 72. %In a note, Beatty, Private fconcric Coercion and the Civil Rights ust of 1957, 71 Yale L. Jour. 335, 242'1962), ‘the author points cut:: “The Circuit Court's cenetzrcllen of the 1957 act to apply to economic coercion in general and to economic coercion involving contract sroperty rights in geesting legislation ent Zisenhower noted: ev-~ Igealities allegations re being deprived of being subjected to unwarranted econc=. Senator Douglas, a sponsor of the bil-, the legislation was directed at denis siing ri¢nts ‘by economic pressure' as well as bes And Representea~ tive Celler, a House s7° icated that if ’the milk dealer, the coal cet: the butcher, the baker and the candlestick make: -ac¢ree . . «to boycott’ persons who try to vote, wgreement would violate the proposed law." £. ~ - e rnd i persist that Negro ¢ their richt to vote 7. mle Gai te ng to enjoin "intimi-= United States v. 200(1962} Sde Ané see United States Zi. The At comey General brov detion, threat, and coercion" Atkinson. et als, Civ.Ac. 121, Mendeison, Discrimination (Prov. - v. Dilis. W.D.S.C. 1942, 62 7, Fort. .21, F