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a ee ee eo ———e, i —— a) {b) “goof Under the “sweeping cia: c", 2tieie I, Section &, Clause 15, Congress may enact all laws “Acce.sary and proper" to carry out any of its powers, iancludins, ¢2 course, its power to regu- “ late federal elections. This pzcvizisn leaves to Congress the choice of the means to execute its movers, "Let the end be _ legitimate, let it be within the scose of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that “end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution ere conscictutional”. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819, 4 Wheat. 316, 42i. caved United ’ “There is Little regercing an clection that is not ine in thea terms 'time, place anc manner of holding it’. . States v. Munford, 1833, c. C., E.D.Va., 16 F. 223, The. Supreme Court has said: as pert of ‘on’ "It cannot be doubted thay @ comprehensive words embrace authority %¢ vide a complete code for congressional cLoctic.s, not only as to times and places, but in seletion to notices, registration, supervision cs voting, protection of voters, prevention of Ira-c and corrsupt prac- tices, counting of vote -iis oF inspactors and canvassers, ané naking 2.2 publication of élection returns; in shezt, to ehact od numerous requirements as to srocedure and ae safeguards which experience shows ere necessary — ; in order to enforee the Tunéinental right in- oe volved." smiley v. Holm, 1932, 285 U.S. 355, 256, 76 L.Ed. 795. tvo facts make it approvziat: for Congress to reach registra- the “manner of holding elections". Sirst, registering is z prersccisite to voting. Second, segistretion ip a process for certilying a citizen as a qualified “yoter iz both ‘federal and state elections. A law protecting the ] +.cht <¢ vote could hardly be eporosriate unless it protected the 26 tight tc register, In Classic language, registering is a "neces~ sary step" and “integral” in voting in "elections". In Classic, ““nterference with the effective choice of the voters* in a 7] Louisizra Democratic primcry was isc .sference “at the only stage 30