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erie Before WISPON, Circuit Judge, and CHRISTENBERRY and AINSWORTH, District Judges. a WISDOM, Circuit Judge: . This is an action by the Nation against a klan.* The United States of America asks for an injunction to protect Negro citizens in Washington Parish, Louisiana, seeking to assert their civil rights. The defendants are the "Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan", an unincorporated association, the “anti-Communist Christian —— { F.esociation; a Louisiana corporation, and certain individual klansmen, ~~, post of whom come from in and around Bogalusa, Louisiana. ie ! ‘ The d:fendants admit most of the allegations of the complaint. ? ‘aheir legal »osition is that a private organization and private persona te ire beyond tie reach of the civil rights acts authorizing the Attorney “Generi.2 to sie for jan injunction. There is no merit to this contention. Seekiig refuge in silence and secrecy, the defendants abject to the zomissio. of any evidence as to klan activities. We hold, however, “hat what ths klan is and what the klan does bear significantly on the material issies and on the appropriate relief, | In deziding to grant the injunction prayed for, we rest-our con- clusions on the finding of fact that, within the meaning of the Civii* "Rights Acts. of 1957 and 1964, the defendants have adopted a pattern and 1 practice of intimidating, threatening, and coercing Negro citizens in Washington parish for the purpose of interfering with the civil rights ef -the Negro citizens. The compulsion within the klan to engage in this unlawful conduct is inherent in the nature of the klan. ‘This is its \ - dneracicable evil. We find that to attain its ends, the klan exploits the forces of hate, prejudice, and ignorance. We find that the klan relies on systematic economic coercion, varieties of intimidation, | and physical violence in attempting to frustrate the national policy expressed in civil rights legislation. . We find that