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I - . - . : * *, nee . / } . ’ shen Rey _—anemesetiome., * J - f a on ¥ \ because the State was acting as agent for, or in collaboration with, . the Federal-Goverment. This contention finds mo support ia the record, Le Hence we are set here concerned with the protection, as @ matter ef RS ‘policy er sonstitutional requirement, to be secorded persons who under similar e¢ircumstances, iz a Federal inquiry, validly invoke the Federal privilege. -16 U.S.C. $3481; Nilson v. 0, S., 149 U.S. 60; Slochower v. . Board of Bigher Education, 350 0.5, 551, Grunewald v. 0, S,, 353 U.S. 391. Under these circumstances, we cannot say that eppellast's explanation fer his silence precluded New York from concluding that his failure te respond to relevant inquiry engendered reasonable doubt as to his trustworthiness and reliability. We hold that appellant's discharge was aot in violation ] . wie rights assured him by the Federal Constitution. — Separate actions against Secretary of State for declaration, inter alia, that plaiatiffs were entitled to passports. The U, S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 4u both cases, granted ad , motions of Secretary and plaintiffs appealed. The 0. S. Court of Ap- peals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 101 U.S, App. D.C. 239, 248 F. 2d 561, 101 U.S. App. D.C. 278, 248 F. 2d 600, affirmed and Supreme Court granted certiorari, The Supreme Court, Hr. Justice Douglas, beld that under statutes providing that passports may be is- sued under such rules as President shall prescribe and that it is unlewfn) for citizen te exter or leave United States without a valid passport, Secretary of State did not have authority to promulgate regulations i 5 l i = ee ET Se EEL EET, eR Sr RE A EC