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re Shorea F A rather fataltstic attitude was assumed by some police toward | Plack Fand killings and bombings, since the silence of victims and witnesses alike proved almost insurmountable. The fact that police were unable to prevent or sotve these crimes only tended to increase the disinclination of Italians to Look to law enforcement as a solution to their dilemae. ; According to Chlengo newspaper reports, there were 40 Black Hand murder in POL, 83 tn OT?) 81 in 1913, ond 42 in 1914. One author claime (53). (54) that there have been 309 Plack Hand murders in Chicago since 1890. Ags early a3. 1997, 9n organization called the White Hand was formed to combat Ploel Fland aeiminels in various American cities. The White Hand, composed of Italians, halos its object cooperation with the police and the law. In Chicago, it was supported by the Italian Chamber of Commerce, the locak Italian newspaper, and several Italian and Siciltan fraternal orders. The - “White Pond sent investigators to Steily ard Italy to unearth the criminal records of Pinck Rand ertininalr in an effort to have them deported from the United State: However, little more war heed of the White Hand after 1910. 4. Kansas City In Kansas City, tir Halian community was likewise beset by Flack Ban? depredations dering 1999-199 7" Txtortion notes were received by - 39 -