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Oc aan fu) pe , the provinces of Palermo, Trarwni, Agrigento, and Caltanissetta) but fewer in - ow ttileny the old Mafia as the “Stuppagehiari"” ("stoppers"). The "stoppere” not only falled to best the Mafia lut in time joined forces with ft. Thus the Mafia continued to emerge 29.9 strenger and increasingly terrible tyranny over ; (35) a Sicilian affairs. i A. The Mafia Spread across Sicily Those who adhored to the Mafia attitude and conduct were of many desrenss, extending into mest social classes, though Mafia was most firmly establiched in the rural cred among peasants and the large landholdera.-" The at attitude and conduct had many adherents tn western Sicily (e.g., especiaily in a the eastern provinces, In victyally all areas of Sicily, there were some Mafia adherenta by the latter part ef the 19th Century. Tt must be noted thet in the beginning persons with Mafia sentimente ' i t Aid not necessarily consider themselves criminals, nor did they all necessarily partictpate in criminel activities. A large number are said to have violated no statutory law. Their cortacts with criminals it is caid were usually motivated by the desire to prevent offons-s ominst themeelves, rather than to commit them egunst ottar. The ecnsequcnces of Mafia were nonetheless grave with reference to the public safety. cfucal to report offenses to constituted authorities or to