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Figure 39. Pipe bomb prier to explosion. EP AL Figure 40. Evidence remaining after explosion of pipe bomb. +~e oe os Lic photographs show the bomb (essentially a non-electric charge), and the evidence remaining after the explosion, As ean be secn in Figure 38, pieces of hurned safety fuse remain. A streamlined object, such as safety fase, withstands the force of the explosion very well. Dirt or material blackened by the explosion should also be gathered and retained for Iaboratory analysis. A crime laboratory can determine the explosive used through analy- Sis of the residue of the explosive deposited on the dirt or material. STRAIGHT BOMB—CONTAINED In this instance a pipe bomb has heen constructed. A section of two inch pipe, threaded and capped at each end and contain- ing a stick of dynamite, a non-electric blasting cap and time fuse is used. See Figures 39 and 40. As can be seen in Figure 40, the evidence remaining definitely identifies this as having been a homemade pipe bomb initiated non-electrically. Note the thread- ed pieces of pipe. The remaining portion of time fuse is not shown. The metal fragments of the bomb case are thinned and jagged due to swelling of the bomb case prior to its fragmentation, Frag- ments of any type of container used will be found after an explo- sion has taken place. PACKAGED TIME BOMB—~CLOCKWORK TRIGGER— ELECTRICALLY INITIATED In this instance we have a clockwork trigger (alarm clock), an clectric blasting cap, two 1 volt batteries (“D” cells), and five sticks of dynamite plus packaging materials, The package con- sisted of a plywood frame inside a corrugated cardboard box, wrapped in common brown wrapping paper, tied with cord and labeled as shown in Figures 41 and 42. Figure 42 shows the in- terior packaging and contents, At a pre-set time the alarm goes off. The alarm winding kev turns causing two metal contact wires to touch and camplete an electrical circuit. The Ls volt batteries produce enough current to fire the electric blasting cap and ex- plode the bomb. The evidence retrieved after the explosiou of this homb, see Figure 43, consists of wood fragments, cardboard, wrapping paper, electric blasting cap lead wire, fragments of :