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During the early and mid-1930s several crucial decisions SOlidified the Bureau’s position as the nation’s Premier law enforcement agency. In 1932, Congress passed a federal Kidnapping statute. Then in May and June 1934, with gangsters like John Dillinger evading capture by crossing over state lines, it passed @ number of federal crime laws that significantly enhanced the Bureau's jurisdiction. Congress also gave Bureau Agents statutory authority to carry guns and make arrests. , The Bureau of Investigation was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation on July 1, 1932. Then, beginning July 1, 1933, the Department of Justice experimented for almost two years with a Division of Investigation that included the Bureau of Prohibition. Public confusion between Bureau of Investigation Special Agents and Prohibition Agents led to a permanent name change in 1935 for the agency composed of Department of Justice’s investigators: the Federal Bureau of Investigation was thus born. Contributing to its forensic expertise, the Burean established its Technical Laboratory in 1932. Journalist Rex Collier called it "a novel research laboratory where government criminologists will match wits with underworld cunning." Originally the small laboratory operated strictly as a research facility. However, it benefitted from expanded federal funding, eventually housing specialized microscopes and extensive reference collections of guns, Watermarks, typefaces, and autometile tire Gesigns. Also in 1935, the FBI National Academy was established to train police officers in modern investigative methods, since at that time only a few states and localities provided formal traininc to their peace officers. The National Acadeny taught investicative techniques to police officials throughout the United States, and Starting in the 1940s, from all over the world. The legal tools given to the FBI by Congress, és well as Eureau initiatives to upgrade its own professionalism and that of law enforcement, resulted in the arrest or demise of all the majer Gangsters by 1936. By that time, however, Fascism in Adolrn Hitler’s Germany and Benito Mussolini’s Italy and Communism in Josef Stalin’s Soviet Union ‘threatened American democratic principles. With war on the horizon, a new set of challences faced the FBI. WORLD WAR II PERIOD Germany, Italy, and Japan embarked on an unchecked series of invasions during the late 193Qs. Hitler and Mussolini supported the Spanish Falangists in their successful civil war against the "Loyalist" Spanish government (1937-39). Although Many Europeans