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pasture land. After the organism favades « host, poly- ghitamfe actd In: ita capsule and an extrecellulas toxin, which produces. edema, combat the host defenss mechanism, The toxin can later bill the host by pro- ducing secondary shock, Anthrax in animsls (oplenle Sever). The most mesceptible animals are herbivore especially cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, and goats, Usually a septicemia, cg blood poloning, occurs. The effects vary from 6 sodden spoplectic attack (with death occurring « fow minutes alter the appearance of the Birt symptoms) to a subscute but eventually fatel ilnesa manifested by fever, an enlarged spleen, and frequently by in- jestinal disturbances, Sometimes local manifestations, which are less often fatal, occur. For exemple, ia cattle and horses circumscribed cutaneous cerbuncles may eppear, end in swine giniler lesions a76 come monly found in the throat. Anthrox be men occurs kimost. exclusively among 1 fa contact with animals or animal producta, fe takes theee main forms: malignant pustule, pul monary anthrax, and fntestinal Mealignent pustule (cutaneour anthroz), the moet ecamnan form, results from contamination of the ekin. An: rea of Inflammation forma and necroses. to the center, The center becomes brown, purplish, of black, and is surrounded by an area of edernn and by vesicles containing yellow fuid, There is no true pus and little pein, Fatality is low and cocurs oaly if Pu y evhras (ocol-sorters diseaea) te caused by the inhalation of dust containing spores. gaint entiver may flow the ating of infected ‘The last two types of anthrax are rare, bat alse favasiably fatal, Treatenent is difficult because of the shart. period of tne between onset of symptoms and leumenication, dingasets, amd therapy. Live spores of attenuated virulence form an effective var cine for cattle and other animals. A cell-free protec tive vaccine, suitable for ese in man, hes bees pro- duced, ‘This vaccine is « sterile Qitrate from « culture 22 iit of Bacillus enthrects grown in @ chemically defined medium with controlled imcubstion dime ead tom perature. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic sdeutifics- tion of bacteria tn the blood and by the Ascoli therrao- precipitin test. In. the Ascoli fest, # precipitate forme. when « boiled saline axtrect of infected tissue i added te p suitable deunune serum. if used early, penicillin and streptomycin cure anthies, See TOuH, BACTERIAL; ORAM @TAEH; BOE {WOVE GEASS TRANSMISHON; BACTLLACEAE, Bibliography—The Yearbook of Agricikture 1958 (Animal Diseases), US. Dept. of Agricultura, Wash- ington, D.C. 1058; GC. §. Wilson and. A. A. Miles, Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology axe Tmmunity, Willlame & Wilkina, 1955. A. Hollaender (ed.), Radistion Biology, McGrew- Hill, New York, 1955. fl. D. Smyth, Atomic Energy for Miltary Purposes, Princaton University Press, 1957. (Do not repeat place mame with aniversity presses.) ‘The above is on example of a general information artis. The Srat paragraph gives » brief discussion of the topic. Subseqeent: paregrapha go into much greater detail, Bet at ne time doce the dicumion we