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* + ee RANA EEE ee ne ee ea er can ee ine pg aa Genel perenne emegpasinatiteriNs meg “RN SS Sy a PR iP 12. ISN'T CONSCRIPTION NECESSARY FOR NATIONAL SECURITY? The assumption that national security can be found in national arined force is totally falc. National armed force gives not sccurily, but a ganiddcr’s hope of victory. Security requires mere; it requires the prevention of war. War cannot be prevented by armed force, because each sicp # nation takes to inercase its own security thereby decreases the security of its neighbors, Security itself is the chief purp se of national policy; : nations are nior willing to fight for it than for any other singlé objective. So a systent in which each step to increase one’s security Unreatens that of his ucighbor is a svstem whieh makes security impossible and war inevitalde, Security cannot be attained through national mililary power; it can be attained only in world order, Conscription a3 a permanent poltey is hostile ta world order. World order requires world organization with provision for peaceful seulement of disputes, provision for efleciive cooperation on common problems and for orderly change of conditions which have become unsatis- factory; it requires. as Secretary Cordell] Hull put it (March 21, 19445 “adjustment of armaments in such a way that the rule of law cannot be successfully chal- lenged.” Conscription may be so regulated, as in the case of a small country like Switzerland, that the country docs not thereby become a threat to the rest of the world. But conscription as a general policy does not give security; its tendency is against security because it lends to em- phasize rellanee on armed power instead of emphasizing loval ne rtic ination in the adeen: nie word organization sOyee PS Hp OES WN OGRE BOP aie WOT OTrmAnizaion which is the only nieans by which real security can be attained, 2 Worn Nor aad. WAP UEIEF Gar kL INA CENERAL WORLD QUGANIZATION FO MAN A WE : One of the main tasks of such a world organization would be to reduce aud limit national armaments. Unless B12} BT TR ge ee tee to oe Be ee Tig ETT nae ee Pa a GT eae ey it succeeds in doing so, an international police wo have Hittle chance of being effective. No imaginable int national peice could Testrain Kussia now, or even United States. With reduction and Hmitation of ar monts, the number of men in armed fareea wanld be duced so much that there should be little diffeulty obtaining aulicicnt volunteers if the world should dec to maintain for a time an international police compo of military units. In any case, there is a certain re! tance aboul conscripting men to serve outside iheir co try under another authority than the government of t] own country. value of coercion in maintaining order in any commun including the community of nations. It is important not ta over-estimate 14, WOULDN'T CONSCRIPTION rin oor rmrnriiad WU OD EMLAUAL NATION? ENHLTAN rit ac IAEA s LED AG Patriotism is a virtue; a sense of duty to svive community should be developed in every citizen, } can a young man get such an allitude better the. in experience of piving a year of service, with others of own ege frem all kinds and conditions of nen? “It someti:ncs happens that virtue practiced compulsion ceases to be virtue. When an irate alan told Dr, Jowett, of Balliol College, that compulsory tendance at chapel must be continued because the ch lay between compulsery religion and no relicion, Jowett replied, “The distinction, sir, is too subtle for mind to apprehend.” It may be asked whether ¢ pulsory patriotism is not in danger of breaking d into unpatriotism. National unity as developed by couscripiion is Ji to be illusory. A conscription system with contin: liability for reserve service gives povernment exce power over iudividuals, Twice. for examule, French ernments disposed of railroad striles Ly mubilizins, strikers. A sense of suspieion is more likely to dev than a sense of national unity. [13}