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To: Counterterrorism From: Berlin Re: 315N-WF-227135, 12/05/2003 Po Next, he asked Fromm how many of the thousands of participants had come to the camp from Western countries. Again, Fromm answered "no." He then stated that he was unsure if he was permitted to provide an answer, since he was uncertain if this question was related to the scope of his prior interview. After all, Fromm explained that he was not an expert witness. Chief Prosecutor Dr. Hemberger told Fromm that he had just testified that there had been thousands of participants at the camp, and that these four (4) participants had been selected and recruited for their knowledge of English and familiarity with Western countries. He now wanted Fromm to explain why they had been selected over the thousands of other participants. Fromm explained that an analysis conducted by the BfV and others had come to the conclusion that there were no other suitable people available. Fromm could only speculate that they had been selected for their language abilities. Attorney Andreas Schulz asked Fromm if he could provide a specific time period for the recruitment in Afghanistan. Fromm asked whether Schulz wanted him to narrow the time frame. Schulz asked him to do so. Fromm then testified that since they knew when the Hamburg participants traveled to Afghanistan, they had concluded that the recruitment occurred at some time around January. Attorney Schulz then directed Fromm's attention to a news article in "Die Welt," in which it was noted that Al-Qaeda's former, closely controlled, hierarchical leadership structure had been altered to a more loose network-like form after September 11th. He asked Fromm if he could comment to this change. Fromm testified that some aspects of Al-Qaeda's methods had undergone changes due to the successes of the military campaign against Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and the world-wide manhunts for ; senior Al-Qaeda leaders. That Al-Qaeda had changed its leadership and planning structure was evident from Al-Qaeda attacks executed since 09/11/2001. Prior to September 11th, the planning and coordination for such attacks was being undertaken from Afghanistan. Attorney [now asked Fromm whether his testimony before the court today concerning Afghanistan was not the result of recent criticism directed against his agency, the BfV, for having overlooked the threat of Al-Qaeda in Hamburg, and not having done enough prior to September 11th to investigate that threat.