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150 ween ein LABERGE AYU ee Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-0078 . . : CIA- -00789R . being asleep (i.e., the conventional sleep stages). Before finding our way out of The 0789R003 100140001;2 is probably local reflex irritability this muddle, we will probably need to characterize a wider variety of states of males- : nae ; use wet dreams do not necessarily involve dream content of a sexual nature, consciousness than those few currently distinguished (e.g., dreaming, Sleeping ne ‘a contrast to lucid dream orgasms, which are obviously sexual; it appears waking, and so on). have two extreme cases: ‘‘bottom-up*’ versus ‘*top-down™” orgasms. Because many researchers have reported cognitive task dependency of later. we All of these results support the conclusion that the events we experience alization of EEG alpha activity in the waking state, LaBerge undertook a pito, ‘te asleep and dreaming produce effects on our brains (and to a lesser extent. study to determine whether similar relationships would hold in the lucid dream wht «) remarkably similar to those that would be produced if we were actually to state. The two tasks selected for comparison were dreamed singing and dreamed bodies . was . dence the corresponding events while awake. The reason for this is probably counting, activities expected to result in relatively greater engagement of the . ' the multimodal imagery of the dream is produced by the same brain systems subjects’ left and right cerebral hemispheres, respectively. hat produce the equivalent perceptions (cf. Finke, 1980). Perhaps this is why Integrated alpha band EEG activity was derived from electrodes placed over reams seem so real: To our brains, dreaming of doing something is equivalent to right and left temporal lobes while four subjects sang and counted in their lucid wally doing it. dreams (marking the beginning and end of each task by eye movement signals). ae The results supported the hypothesized lateralization of alpha activity: The right hemisphere was more active than the left during singing; during counting the REFERENCES reverse was true. These shifts were similar to those observed during actual 1. R. (1983). Th hitecture of ction. Cambridge: Harvard University Pr : . . Anderson, KR. SF). e architecture of cognifton. Cam mage: harva niversity ess. singing and counting (LaBerge & Dement, 19826). . Antrobus. J. S. (1986). Dreaming: Cortical activation and perceptual thresholds. Journal of Mind Sexual activity is a rather commonly reported theme of lucid dreams (Gar- and Behavior, 7, 193-212. field, 1979; LaBerge, 1985a). However, at this point, only a single physiological Antrobus, J. S.. Antrobus, J. S., & Fisher, C. (1965). Discrimination of dreaming and nondreaming investigation of lucid dream sex.has been published. LaBerge, Greenleaf, and sleep. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 395-401. ; Kedzierski (1983) undertook a pilot study to determine the extent to which Aquinas, St. Thomas. (1947) Summa theologica (Vol. 1). New York: Benziger Brothers. _ subjectively experienced sexual activity during REM lucid dreaming would be Armitage. R.. Hoffmann, R.. Moff, A.. & Shearer, J (106) Ui earch, sud) . y Pe on y : 8 : g . terhemispheric EEG during sleep: A disconfirmation of the GILD hypothesis. Sleep Research, reflected in physiological responses. Their subject was a highly proficient lucid 14, 286. dreamer who spent the night sleeping in the laboratory. Sixteen channels of Aserinsky, E. (1971). Rapid eye movement density and pattern in the sleep of young adults. physiological data, including EEG, EOG, EMG, respiration, skin conductance Psychophysiology. 8, 361-375. level (SCL), heart rate, vaginal EMG (VEMG), and vaginal pulse amplitude Berger, R. (1977). Psyclosis: The circularity of experience. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Brylowski, A., LaBerge. S., Levitan, L., Booth, F., & Nelson, W. (1986). H-reflex suppression in lucid vs. non-lucid REM sleep. Manuscript submitted for publication. Cohen. D. B. (1979). Sleep and dreaming: Origins, nature and functions. Oxford: Pergamon. (VPA), were recorded. The experimental protocol called for the subject to make specific eye movement signals at the following points: when she realized she was dreaming (i-e., the onset of the lucid dream); when she began sexual activity (in Dane, J. (1984). An empirical evaluation of two techniques for lucid dream induction, Unpublished the dream); and when she experienced orgasm. The subject reported a lucid f wae dissertation, Georgia State University. dream in which she carried out the experimental task exactly as agreed upon. enwick, P., Schatzmann, M.. Worsley, A., Adams, J.. Stone, S.. & Backer. A. (1984). Lucie dreaming: Correspondence between dreamed and actual events in one subject during REM sleep. Biological Psychology, 18, 243-252. Finke, R. A. (1980). Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception. Psychological Review, 87, Data analysis revealed a significant correspondence between her subjective re- port and all but one of the autonomic measures; during the 15-second orgasm epoch, mean levels for VEMG activity, VPA, SCL, and respiration rate reached F 113-132. their highest values and were significantly elevated compared to means for other Gann . W975, Pee reat oncomitants of the cam. Sleep Research. - a hats REM epochs. Contrary to expectation, heart rate increased only slightly and Garfield, P. (1979). Pathway _ ocasn New York: Holt, Rhinehart, & Wins . nonsignificantly. Goodenough, D. R., Shapiro, A., Holden. M., & Steinschriber, L. (1959) A comparison of ‘*dream- LaBerge (1985a) reports replicating this experiment using two male sub- ers” and ‘‘nondreamers’*: Eye movements, electroencephalograms and the recall of dreams. jects. In both cases, respiration showed striking increases in rate. Again, there Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 59. 295-302. were no significant elevations of heart rate. Interestingly, although both subjects Green. C. (1968). Lucid dreams. London: Hamish Hamilton. ee J. A. (1977). Clinical uses of dreams. New York: Grune & Stratten. arimann, E. (1975). Dreams and other hallucinations: An approach to the underlying mechanism. InR. K. Siegal & L. J. West (Eds.), Hallucinations (pp. 71-79). New York: Wiley. reported vividly realistic orgasms in their lucid dreams, neither actually ¢jacu- lated, in contrast to the ‘‘wet dreams”’ commonly experienced by adolescent Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100140001-2