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Approved For Release 2004/dd}90 Ld Rpp96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 and the deliberate impoverishment of the prisoner's perceptual environment (283). Drugs and physical torture were apparently not used, Another development was the arrival of the space age in 1967. Other advances, as reflected in increased use of sub- marines, isolated radar and meteorological stations, and of auto- mated equipment in general, also provided considerable impetus to the initiation of research programs dealing with reactions to restricted sensory and social environments. 4. (U) Despite the recounts of the Mindzenty case, the Soviets did not publish reports on sensory deprivation until the mid 1960s. The Soviet data is usually published in their aerospace or related literature. Hinkle in 1969, however, has reported that under prison isolation, as this has been carried out by Soviet. and Eastern European state police, most prisoners developed symptoms of disorganization within three to six weeks; but some have been known to endure this for many months, and some have succumbed within days (284). Based on Hinkle's statement and numerous other accounts on the treatment of prisoners in the Soviet Union and other communist countries, it seems safe to say that they have had some experience with the effects of sensory deprivation prior to their acknowledgment of actual research in this field. 5. (U) The Soviets are quick to point out that the Canadtans and the Americans were the first to report and maintain research efforts in the field of isolation and sensory deprivation (SD). Perhaps to detract attention from the prison reports, Kosmolinskiy reports that from the mid-fifties, sensory deprivation experiments attracted increasingly greater attention in scientific investigation centers of the Army, Air Force, and Navy of the United States and Canada (285). In another section of Kosmolinskiy's report, he mentions, however, that the question of sensory deprivation was already established in the USSR in the twenties by I.P. Pavlov. The distinction between Pavlov's work and research by Galkin in 1932 (286) as compared to Western work is that the Soviet efforts were more humane. Kosma~ linskiy states that abroad, crueler forms of isolation were imposed and that sensory limitations were created by the most severe means. e.g. plaster cast usage. 6. (U) Western literature on sensory deprivation deals with many of the psychic manifestations that appear during or after the experiment. Many investigators noted Significant changes in the emotional sphere of subjects in sensory deprivation (50) experi-. ments: the appearance of varying degrees of apathy, melancholy, anxiety and fear (287). Sometimes, apathy and dulled consciousness of the subjects become so profound that one of the most important 102 UNCLASSIFIED